A Peruvian mining company reuses process water as part of their iron ore processing. In addition to an open pit of around 150 km², the complex comprises a processing area in a nearby town with a crushing plant that reduces the ore by 95 percent as well as a magnetic separation plant, a filter plant and a pelleting facility.
The separating plant further crushes and concentrates the ore with cyclones, magnetic separation and flotation. This process separates the sterile ore from the iron ore, which is then divided into two different product types: a high grade iron concentrate for sintering and another that is sent to the pelleting plant after a filtration process.
High slurry content
Water is required for many of the mine’s working steps. It comes from a 70 x 18 x 8.35 m (l × w × h) process tank which is fed with the medium from concentrate and tailing thickeners. In addition to the water, slurry with magnesium and iron deposits also accumulates in the tank.
The liquid rich in solids is pumped over in the tank to then be used in different processes and locations, such as in the magnet plant. “A flocculant is used to recover the slurry from the underflow,” explains Monica Mitterstein, Global Manager Mining & Explosives at Netzsch.
“The water coming from the overflow carries along solids that have accumulated in the tank over the course of many years.” However, the water has to be as clean as possible to be reused in other processes. Due to years of solids accumulation, there are too many coarse particles in the water that prevent using it in the downstream processes. This made pumping the fluid so difficult.”
Remove with shovels
The mine owner initially decided to resolve the issue with a plant stop. The water was drained from the tank and the employees tried to remove the slurry layer, which was already up to 5m thick, with shovels. “This procedure turned out to be very unsatisfactory, though, because the slurry had become extremely compressed and we had to introduce water again to peel it from the surfaces,” says Monica.
“When the deposits had not been removed after four days, those in charge decided to apply a different method. They were now considering the option of using a submersible pump with an agitator to remove the slurry during ongoing operation without having to stop the plants and to drain the water again.”
Submersible not optimum
To procure the required pump, the mine owner contacted Netzsch Pumpen & Systeme GmbH, but the experts there advised against a submersible pump: “Customer often consider a submersible pump to be the right solution for them. However, in this case such a unit would have had to be very big in order to achieve the required flow rate,” Monica states. In addition, centrifugal pumps usually run at 3500, 1800 or 1200 rpm – the high speed and the increased solids content would have caused damage to the internal parts of the pump very quickly.
“If the speed has to be reduced even further, for example to an 8-pole motor with 950 rpm, then these pumps need to be even bigger to maintain the flow rate. And the motor gains in size as well. Because submersible pumps have to be made of stainless steel, the Peruvian mining company would have been faced with very high purchasing costs for this pump.”
In addition, this type of agitator pump requested by the mine owner is usually only designed for a solids content of up to 50 percent. However, the solids content in the application in Peru is 60 to 70 percent, which would have made operation difficult resulting in frequent failures.
Self-priming displacement pump
After a detailed analysis of the problem and the liquid to be pumped, Netzsch suggested using a Tornado T1 pump of size XLB-3/2, which offers a number of advantages over the originally-selected submersible pump. The key benefit is that this model is a self-priming displacement pump that can ensure continuous pumping due to its design: Two synchronised rotors inside the pump intermesh, generating negative pressure at the intake side that continuously pulls the medium towards the rotary lobes, which then transport it to the delivery side.
This powerful negative suction allows the Tornado T1 to pump almost any type of medium. This applies to low viscosity and high viscosity substances as well as to thixotropic or dilatant substances, lubricating, non-lubricating, shear-sensitive or abrasive media. “It is therefore ideal for the process water at the mine in Peru and can pump out the medium at a high flow rate despite the high solids content of up to 70 percent,” says Monica.
Suitable geometries
The material and design of the T1 are always adapted to the special requirements of the designated medium. For viscous and abrasive materials and those containing solids, Netzsch offers different rotary lobes with suitable geometries in each case. Materials adapted to the medium additionally increase the durability of the rotary lobes as well as their service life.
Tri-lobe helical rotors made of nitrile are used for the application in Peru to minimise the risk of abrasion damage. In addition, double cartridge mechanical seals are installed which are not sensitive to the solids in the medium. The gear motor of the pump works at a lower speed, which also causes less wear. Overall, this lowers the maintenance costs for the pump significantly.
Mobile trolley
To make handling easier for the mining company’s staff, the rotary lobe pump was installed on a mobile trolley and equipped with flexible hoses. This makes it easier to extract the slurry from the tank through the ten ventilation openings at the top of the tank as well as through the corners. The function and capacity of the pump was checked on site in April 2021.
“For this first test, the customer used a six-inch hose for intake and delivery. However, they attached a 1.5m long metal lance to the end of the intake hose which made the hose more difficult to handle,” Monica remarks. “The pump was started up and took about 7 minutes to transport the water to the agitators.” While pumping the water with the solids, the pump maintained the required flow rate. The solids content was 20 percent on average, with peaks at 30 percent.
Successful second test
For the second test, the intake hose was replaced with a 4 inch model and a smaller lance was used. Another hose supplied water with a pressure of 6 bar to loosen the slurry that had settled fully. With the new hose and the improved handling of the smaller lance, it was possible to remove the required minimum volume of solids. “After the successful second test, the pump now runs without any problems,” Monica concludes.
“The hose can be moved through the tank easily extracting the solids. The Tornado XLB-3/2 continuously provides the required flow rate without pressure loss.” After these measures, the process water from the tank still has the required quality for being used in the ore processing without any issues.
